What term describes a situation where the top of a well is lower than the previous stratum, allowing water to rise and flow without pumping?

The term describing a situation where the top of a well is lower than the previous stratum, allowing water to rise and flow without the need for pumping, is known as a flowing well. This phenomenon occurs in aquifers that are under pressure, allowing the water level to rise above the level of the aquifer itself. When the well is drilled into this pressurized formation, water can naturally flow to the surface due to the existing pressure, creating a self-sustaining source of water. This is particularly common in artesian aquifers, where the natural pressure leads to a strong flow.

Other terms mentioned, such as shallow well, deep well, and artesian well, refer to different aspects of well construction and groundwater sources. While artesian wells can also exhibit the characteristics described, a flowing well specifically emphasizes the flow of water to the surface without mechanical assistance.